Chronic kidney failure, also known as chronic kidney disease (CKD), is a medical condition characterized by the progressive and irreversible deterioration of kidney function over a period of time. The kidneys, vital organs located in the lower back, perform various essential functions in the body, including filtering waste products, excess water, and toxins from the blood, balancing electrolyte concentrations, regulating blood pressure, and producing hormones that stimulate the production of red blood cells.
Chronic kidney failure occurs when the kidneys become damaged and are unable to perform their functions adequately. The condition often develops gradually and is categorized into five stages based on the severity of kidney damage and decreasing glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Symptoms may not be noticeable until the later stages, at which point patients may experience fatigue, swelling in the legs or ankles, increased need to urinate, difficulty concentrating, loss of appetite, nausea, muscle cramps, and itching.
The causes of chronic kidney failure can vary, including long-term conditions like diabetes, high blood pressure, polycystic kidney disease, or inherited disorders. Other potential causes include glomerulonephritis, urinary tract obstructions, kidney infections, certain medications or toxins, and autoimmune diseases.
Management of chronic kidney failure involves preventing or slowing further damage through lifestyle modifications, controlling underlying conditions, and medications, such as those that regulate blood pressure or manage blood glucose levels. In severe cases, when kidney function declines significantly, treatment options may include dialysis or kidney transplantation.
Regular follow-up with healthcare providers is crucial for monitoring kidney function, managing complications, and adjusting treatment plans as needed to slow progression and maintain optimal health.
