Chloasma is a medical condition characterized by the appearance of blotchy, brownish patches on the skin. It is also commonly referred to as melasma or "mask of pregnancy" as it frequently affects pregnant women. This condition is primarily associated with hormonal changes, particularly increased levels of estrogen and progesterone, although it can also occur in non-pregnant individuals.
The patches of chloasma typically appear on the face, particularly on the forehead, cheeks, nose, and upper lip. They are usually symmetrical and have sharply demarcated borders. While chloasma does not cause any physical discomfort or health problems, it can significantly impact an individual's self-esteem and confidence due to its effect on facial appearance.
Sun exposure is a major contributing factor to the development of chloasma, as ultraviolet (UV) radiation can trigger the production of melanin, the pigment responsible for skin coloration. Other risk factors for chloasma include hormonal therapies, such as oral contraceptives or hormone replacement therapy, certain medications, and a family history of the condition.
Treatment for chloasma typically involves a combination of sun protection measures, such as sunscreen and protective clothing, and the use of topical medications containing ingredients like hydroquinone, retinoids, or corticosteroids. In some cases, chemical peels or laser therapy may be recommended to help fade the patches of hyperpigmentation.
While chloasma is a benign condition, it is important to consult a healthcare professional, such as a dermatologist, for an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment options.
