Celiotomy, also known as a laparotomy, is a surgical procedure that involves making an incision into the abdominal cavity to gain access to the organs inside. It is a major surgical technique commonly performed to diagnose and treat various conditions affecting the abdominal organs in both humans and animals.
During a celiotomy, a skilled surgeon makes a longitudinal or transverse incision in the abdominal wall, usually under general anesthesia. The incision allows the surgeon to carefully dissect through the layers of tissues, including the skin, fat, muscles, and peritoneum, to access the abdominal organs. The peritoneum, a thin membrane that lines the abdominal cavity and covers the organs, is then carefully opened to expose the organs.
Celiotomy is utilized for a wide range of medical interventions, such as removing tumors, repairing or removing organs, treating injuries, conducting exploratory procedures, and performing biopsies or diagnostic tests. It provides direct visual access, allowing the surgeon to assess the condition of the organs, identify abnormalities, and perform the required procedures with precision.
After completing the necessary surgical procedures, the surgeon closes the incisions by suturing or stapling the various layers and may place drains to remove excess fluid and prevent infection.
Although celiotomy is generally considered safe, it carries the risks associated with any major surgical procedure, such as bleeding, infection, damage to surrounding structures, and adverse reactions to anesthesia. However, advancements in surgical techniques, instruments, and perioperative care have significantly reduced the risks and improved patient outcomes.
