Carotid atherosclerotic diseases refer to the medical condition characterized by the gradual buildup of plaque in the carotid arteries, which are the major arteries located in the neck that supply blood to the brain. Atherosclerosis is a chronic, progressive condition characterized by the deposition of fatty substances, cholesterol, calcium, and other cellular debris in the inner lining of the arteries, forming plaques.
Over time, these plaques can narrow and harden the carotid arteries, restricting blood flow to the brain, and potentially leading to various complications, such as stroke, transient ischemic attacks (TIA), or other cerebrovascular diseases. The degree of arterial narrowing is often assessed using imaging techniques, such as ultrasound or angiography.
Common risk factors for carotid atherosclerotic diseases include age, smoking, high blood pressure, high cholesterol levels, diabetes, obesity, sedentary lifestyle, and a family history of cardiovascular diseases. Symptoms experienced by individuals with carotid atherosclerotic diseases may vary depending on the degree of artery narrowing, but they can include episodes of weakness or numbness in the face, arm, or leg, difficulty speaking or understanding speech, vision problems, dizziness, and severe headaches.
Treatment options for carotid atherosclerotic diseases may include lifestyle modifications (e.g., dietary changes, regular exercise), medications to manage risk factors, and surgical interventions, such as carotid endarterectomy or angioplasty with stenting, aimed to restore blood flow to the brain and prevent further complications. Regular follow-up appointments with healthcare professionals are important to monitor the condition and adjust treatment plans accordingly.
