Carotid atherosclerotic disease refers to a condition characterized by the buildup of plaque and the narrowing of the carotid arteries, which are the major blood vessels that supply oxygenated blood to the brain. This disease is a result of atherosclerosis, a progressive condition in which fatty deposits, cholesterol, and other cellular waste materials accumulate along the inner lining of the artery walls. As the plaque buildup increases, the arteries become narrower, reducing blood flow and potentially leading to various health complications.
The symptoms of carotid atherosclerotic disease may range from mild to severe, including transient ischemic attacks (TIA), also known as "mini-strokes," as well as strokes. TIAs can manifest as temporary episodes of dizziness, weakness, numbness, difficulty speaking, or impaired vision. Strokes, on the other hand, are more severe and can cause long-lasting damage, such as paralysis, difficulty speaking, or cognitive impairments.
The primary risk factors for carotid atherosclerotic disease are high blood pressure, high cholesterol levels, smoking, obesity, diabetes, and a sedentary lifestyle. Diagnosis typically involves imaging tests, such as carotid ultrasound, computed tomography angiography (CTA), or magnetic resonance angiography (MRA), to determine the extent of plaque buildup and arterial narrowing.
Treatment options for carotid atherosclerotic disease may vary depending on the severity of the condition. Lifestyle modifications, such as adopting a healthy diet, regular exercise, smoking cessation, and managing underlying health conditions, are often recommended. Medications, including anticoagulants, antiplatelet drugs, and cholesterol-lowering medications, may be prescribed to manage the disease. In more severe cases, surgical procedures like carotid
