Cancer of the thyroid, also known as thyroid cancer, is a malignant neoplasm that develops in the tissues of the thyroid gland. The thyroid gland is a small butterfly-shaped gland located at the base of the neck, responsible for producing hormones that regulate metabolism and other bodily functions.
Thyroid cancer is characterized by the uncontrolled growth and division of abnormal cells within the thyroid gland. These cells can form a tumor, which may then infiltrate nearby tissues and potentially spread to other parts of the body, a process known as metastasis.
There are several types of thyroid cancer, including papillary carcinoma, follicular carcinoma, medullary carcinoma, and anaplastic carcinoma. Papillary carcinoma is the most common form, accounting for approximately 80% of cases. It typically grows slowly and has a high survival rate. Follicular carcinoma is less common but has a higher chance of spreading to distant organs. Medullary carcinoma originates in the C cells of the thyroid gland and has a moderate chance of metastasis. Anaplastic carcinoma is the least common but most aggressive type, with a poor prognosis.
Common symptoms of thyroid cancer may include a lump or swelling in the neck, a persistent cough, hoarseness, difficulty swallowing, and changes in voice. Treatment options depend on the type, stage, and extent of the cancer but may include surgery, radioactive iodine therapy, external beam radiation therapy, thyroid hormone replacement, and targeted drug therapy.
Early detection and prompt treatment are crucial for a favorable prognosis in cases of thyroid cancer. Regular check-ups and screenings can aid in the early diagnosis of this condition.
