Cancer of the cervix, commonly referred to as cervical cancer, is a type of malignant tumor that develops in the cervix, the lower part of the uterus that connects it to the vagina. This condition occurs when the cells in the cervix undergo abnormal changes and begin to multiply uncontrollably, leading to the formation of a cancerous mass.
Cervical cancer is predominantly caused by persistent infection with certain high-risk types of human papillomavirus (HPV), a sexually transmitted infection. However, not all women infected with HPV will develop cervical cancer, as other factors like smoking, weakened immune system, long-term use of oral contraceptives, multiple pregnancies, and a family history of cervical cancer may increase the risk.
Symptoms of cervical cancer may not be evident in its early stages, making regular screening and early detection vital. As the disease progresses, symptoms can include abnormal vaginal bleeding or discharge, pain during sexual intercourse, pelvic pain, and unintended weight loss.
Diagnosis of cervical cancer typically involves a pelvic exam, pap smear test to identify abnormal cells, and further investigations like colposcopy, biopsy, or imaging tests. Treatment options depend on the stage and extent of the cancer and may include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or targeted drug therapy.
Prevention of cervical cancer primarily revolves around HPV vaccination, regular cervical screening tests, safe sexual practices, and adopting a healthy lifestyle. Early detection and prompt treatment offer a higher chance of successful outcomes.
