The word "calque" is a borrowing from French, and it means "a loan translation". It is spelled with the letters c-a-l-q-u-e, and pronounced in IPA phonetic transcription as /kælk/. The "c" is pronounced as /k/ before the "a", and the "q" is pronounced as /k/ before the "u" and /w/ afterwards. This word is often used in linguistics to describe the creation of a new word in one language by translating the elements of a word in another language.
A calque is a linguistic term which refers to a word or phrase borrowed from another language by way of literal translation. It is also known as a loan translation. In this process, the constituent parts of a foreign word or phrase are translated directly into the target language, often resulting in a newly formed word or phrase that mirrors the original meaning. Calques can occur both within and between languages.
The term "calque" originates from the French word "calquer," meaning "to trace" or "to copy." It embodies the concept of copying the structure or composition of a word or phrase from one language to another. This technique can be employed when the borrowing language lacks an equivalent expression or to maintain the original context or meaning.
Calques have been used throughout history for various reasons, including the introduction of new concepts or technologies. They allow for the transfer of knowledge and ideas between cultures while retaining the essence of the original terminology. However, calques can occasionally result in awkward or confusing translations due to differences in language structure or idiomatic expressions.
Overall, calques represent a creative process of adapting and incorporating foreign linguistic elements into a target language, thus enriching its lexicon and facilitating cross-cultural communication.
The word "calque" comes from the French noun "calquer" which means "to trace" or "to copy". The term originated from the verb "calquer" and its association with printing techniques. In printing, a "calque" is a transparent paper sheet used for tracing or copying an image or text from one surface to another. This concept was then extended to linguistics, specifically in reference to the borrowing of words or phrases from one language to another by literal translation. Thus, "calque" is now commonly used to describe a loanword or loan phrase that is a direct translation of its original form.