CALLA Positive Leukemias is a term used to describe a type of leukemia that is frequently diagnosed in children. The word CALLA stands for Common Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Antigen. The pronunciation of CALLA is /ˈkælə/ with stress on the first syllable followed by the schwa sound. The positive part indicates that the cancer cells test positive for CALLA. Leukemia, on the other hand, is pronounced /luːˈkiːmiːə/ with stress on the second syllable. This condition is usually treated with chemotherapy.
CALLA positive leukemias refer to a specific type of leukemia characterized by the presence of a protein called CALLA or CD10 on the surface of leukemic cells. Leukemia, a cancer of the blood cells, is broadly classified into acute or chronic types based on the speed of disease progression. CALLA positive leukemias are usually of the acute type, progressing rapidly and requiring immediate medical attention.
The CD10 protein, also known as common acute lymphoblastic leukemia antigen (CALLA), is a cell surface marker that is typically found on immature lymphoid cells. However, in CALLA positive leukemias, this protein is abnormally expressed on leukemic cells, disrupting normal cellular functions and leading to uncontrolled cell growth.
CALLA positive leukemias most commonly refer to a subtype of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), a type of cancer that affects the white blood cells involved in the body's immune response. However, it can also refer to a subtype of mixed-lineage leukemia (MLL), a rare acute leukemia that involves both lymphoid and myeloid cells.
Treatment for CALLA positive leukemias involves a combination of chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and sometimes stem cell transplant. The prognosis for CALLA positive leukemias can vary depending on factors such as the age of the patient, the subtype of leukemia, and the response to treatment. Prompt diagnosis and appropriate treatment are vital in achieving positive outcomes for patients with CALLA positive leukemias.