CALLA-positive leukemia refers to a specific type of leukemia characterized by the presence of the differentiation antigen known as common acute lymphoblastic leukemia antigen (CALLA). This subtype of leukemia is primarily found in individuals with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and is identified via the detection of the CALLA surface marker on leukemic cells.
Common acute lymphoblastic leukemia antigen, also known as CD10, is a cell surface glycoprotein expressed in the early stages of B-cell development. In a healthy individual, CD10 expression diminishes as the B-cells further differentiate; however, in CALLA-positive leukemia, these cells continue to express this antigen.
The CD10 marker serves as an essential diagnostic tool in identifying CALLA-positive leukemia, helping to differentiate it from other subtypes of ALL or acute myeloid leukemia (AML). This distinction is vital as the prognosis and treatment options can vary among different subtypes of leukemia.
The presence of CALLA-positive leukemia can be determined through laboratory tests using flow cytometry or immunohistochemistry techniques. Patients diagnosed with CALLA-positive leukemia may require further diagnostic procedures to evaluate the extent of the disease, such as bone marrow aspiration or biopsy.
Treatment options for CALLA-positive leukemia typically involve a combination of chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and, in some cases, stem cell transplantation. The specific treatment regimen prescribed may depend on the individual's response to therapy, overall health status, and other prognostic factors.
In conclusion, CALLA-positive leukemia is a subtype of acute lymphoblastic leukemia characterized by the presence of the CALLA antigen on leukemic cells. It plays a crucial role in the diagnostic evaluation and selection of appropriate treatment strategies for affected individuals.
