Border disease is a viral infection that primarily affects sheep and goats, and is caused by the Pestivirus genus of the Flaviviridae family. It is characterized by a range of symptoms including reproductive disorders, neurological abnormalities, and immune suppression.
In affected animals, Border disease can lead to poor fertility, abortions, stillbirths, and the birth of weak or deformed offspring. The virus primarily targets the placenta, leading to damage and reduced functionality, ultimately resulting in the aforementioned reproductive issues. Additionally, infected animals may display nervous symptoms such as tremors, ataxia, and a lack of coordination, which can manifest as a "dummy lamb" syndrome.
A key feature of Border disease is the immunosuppression that it causes, increasing the animal's susceptibility to secondary infections. This can further exacerbate the clinical signs, leading to potential complications and increased morbidity and mortality. The virus can be transmitted by direct contact with an infected animal or through contaminated environments, such as feed, water, or equipment.
Prevention and control of Border disease in sheep and goats typically involve implementing biosecurity measures to limit contact with infected animals and ensuring proper biocontainment and hygiene practices. Additionally, vaccination programs may be implemented to reduce the risk of infection and minimize the impact of the disease on the flock or herd.
In summary, Border disease is a viral infection in sheep and goats characterized by reproductive disorders, nervous symptoms, and immunosuppression, ultimately leading to significant economic losses for livestock producers.
