Bipolar illnesses, also known as bipolar disorders or manic-depressive disorders, refer to a category of mental health conditions characterized by extreme shifts in mood, energy levels, and behavior. These disorders are called bipolar due to the presence of two contrasting states of extreme mood episodes, including mania and depression.
Manic episodes are marked by an abnormally elevated or irritable mood, increased energy levels, impulsive behavior, racing thoughts, decreased need for sleep, and a heightened sense of self-confidence. On the other hand, depressive episodes are characterized by persistent feelings of sadness, hopelessness, low energy, loss of interest in activities, changes in appetite, sleep disturbances, and even thoughts of suicide.
Bipolar disorders are chronic and typically require lifelong management. There are different subtypes of bipolar disorders, including bipolar I disorder, bipolar II disorder, cyclothymic disorder, and other specified and unspecified bipolar and related disorders. The severity and frequency of mood episodes can vary between individuals and even within the same individual over time.
The exact causes of bipolar disorders are not fully understood, but they are considered to be the result of complex interactions between genetic, biological, and environmental factors. Bipolar illnesses can significantly impact various aspects of a person's life, including relationships, work or academic performance, and overall quality of life. Proper diagnosis and treatment, including therapy and medication, are crucial for managing bipolar disorders and minimizing the impact of mood episodes.
