A basophil is a type of white blood cell, also known as leukocyte, which plays a crucial role in the immune system. It is characterized by the presence of numerous basophilic granules within its cytoplasm, which contain various substances like histamine, heparin, and other mediators involved in immune responses.
Basophils are involved in the process of inflammation and allergic reactions. When the body undergoes such responses, basophils are mobilized and migrate to the site of inflammation or allergic attack. At the site, they release their stored substances, particularly histamine, which promotes vasodilation and increases blood vessel permeability. This facilitates the entry of other immune cells and aids in defending against pathogens or allergens.
In addition to their role in immediate immune responses, basophils can also participate in chronic inflammatory processes and help regulate the immune system's overall response. They can interact with other immune cells, such as T-lymphocytes, and impact the balance between different types of immune reactions, including allergic and autoimmune responses.
Basophils are considered very rare compared to other white blood cells, constituting less than 1% of the total leukocyte population. They are mainly found in the bloodstream but can also migrate into tissues to execute their functions.
Given their significance in immune reactions, abnormalities in basophil count or function can be indicative of certain medical conditions, including allergies, parasitic infections, and some malignancies. Their study is often carried out through blood tests known as complete blood count (CBC), which provides valuable diagnostic information for physicians.
