AVN, which stands for Avascular Necrosis, is a medical condition characterized by the death of bone tissue due to a limited or complete loss of blood supply. It commonly affects large joints, such as the hip, knee, shoulder, and ankle. AVN can be caused by various factors, including trauma, prolonged use of corticosteroids, excessive alcohol consumption, blood disorders, or systemic diseases.
In AVN, the compromised blood flow prevents oxygen and vital nutrients from reaching the affected bone. As a result, the bone tissue gradually deteriorates, loses its vitality, and eventually collapses. This process can lead to severe pain, limited mobility, and joint dysfunction.
The symptoms of AVN may vary depending on the stage and location of the affected bone, but they often include joint pain, stiffness, and difficulty with movement. Diagnosis usually involves a combination of medical history evaluation, physical examination, and imaging tests like X-rays, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), or computed tomography (CT) scans.
Treatment options for AVN depend on several factors, including the stage and location of the affected bone, the patient's age, and overall health. Non-surgical approaches may include medication to manage pain and reduce inflammation, physical therapy, or the use of supportive devices like crutches. Surgical interventions such as core decompression, bone grafting, or joint replacement may be recommended in more advanced cases or when conservative treatments fail to alleviate symptoms.
Early detection and prompt management are essential to prevent further complications and preserve joint function in individuals affected by AVN.
