Atheromas are characteristic pathological formations or lesions that develop within the walls of arteries. More specifically, an atheroma refers to the buildup of fatty deposits, cholesterol, cellular waste, calcium, and other substances that accumulate in the inner lining (intima) of arteries. This accumulation results in the formation of a raised, irregular, and often hardened plaque.
These atheromatous plaques can be found in various arteries throughout the body, but are most commonly observed in larger arteries like the aorta and those supplying the heart, brain, and lower extremities. The formation of atheromas is a progressive process known as atherosclerosis, which typically starts with endothelial damage and inflammation. Over time, this can lead to thickening and narrowing of the arterial wall, compromising blood flow.
Atheromas can significantly impact cardiovascular health by impeding blood circulation, increasing the risk of blood clot formation, and reducing arterial elasticity. If an atheromatous plaque ruptures, it can trigger the formation of a blood clot, which can obstruct blood flow and potentially cause a heart attack or stroke.
Factors contributing to the formation of atheromas include high blood pressure, high levels of cholesterol and triglycerides in the blood, smoking, diabetes, obesity, and a sedentary lifestyle. Prevention and management of atheromas involve lifestyle changes, such as adopting a healthy diet, engaging in regular physical activity, not smoking, and controlling underlying medical conditions. Medical interventions such as medication, angioplasty, or even surgical procedures may be required in severe cases.
