Amino Acid Transport System A proteins, also known as AAT1 proteins, are integral membrane proteins that facilitate the translocation of amino acids across cellular membranes. They are an essential component of the cellular transport system responsible for the uptake of amino acids from the extracellular environment into the cell.
AAT1 proteins are predominantly found in the plasma membrane of eukaryotic cells and play a crucial role in maintaining cellular homeostasis by regulating the intracellular concentration of amino acids. They are involved in the transport of a wide range of amino acids, including both essential and non-essential amino acids.
The functionality of AAT1 proteins is regulated by several factors, such as substrate availability, pH, and the presence of other molecules. These proteins exhibit a high degree of selectivity, recognizing specific amino acids based on their size, charge, and hydrophobicity.
Defects or mutations in AAT1 proteins can result in impaired amino acid transport, leading to various pathological conditions. For example, deficiencies in specific AAT1 proteins have been associated with disorders like lysinuric protein intolerance, cystinuria, and Hartnup disease.
In conclusion, Amino Acid Transport System A proteins are membrane proteins that mediate the transport of amino acids across cellular membranes. They are vital for maintaining amino acid homeostasis and their dysfunction can lead to various health complications.
