Allergic eczematous dermatitis, commonly known as allergic contact dermatitis, is a form of skin inflammation that occurs due to exposure to a specific allergen. It is classified as a delayed hypersensitivity reaction, meaning that it occurs hours to days after contact with the allergenic substance.
This condition typically arises when an individual's immune system overreacts to an allergen, such as metals (nickel, cobalt), fragrances, preservatives, latex, certain plants (poison ivy, poison oak), or medications (topical antibiotics, neomycin). Upon exposure, the allergen activates the immune system, triggering an inflammatory response in the skin.
Symptoms of allergic eczematous dermatitis include redness, itching, swelling, and the development of small blisters or bumps. Affected areas can become dry, scaly, and may eventually crack or flake. Common sites of occurrence include the hands, face, neck, and areas of the body that have come in direct contact with the allergen.
Diagnosis of allergic eczematous dermatitis often involves a thorough examination of the affected area by a healthcare professional, along with a detailed medical history to identify potential triggers. Patch testing, where small amounts of allergens are applied to the skin, may also be conducted to pinpoint the specific allergen causing the reaction.
Treatment for allergic eczematous dermatitis typically involves avoiding contact with the identified allergen, as well as implementing measures to soothe and calm the inflamed skin. Topical corticosteroids, antihistamines, and emollients are commonly prescribed to reduce inflammation, relieve itching, and facilitate the healing process.
