Allergic reactions can be defined as the body's hypersensitivity or abnormal response to certain substances that are typically harmless to most individuals. When these substances, known as allergens, come into contact with or enter the body of someone with allergies, the immune system recognizes them as foreign and triggers a defensive response.
Allergic reactions can manifest in various ways, depending on the individual and the specific allergen involved. Mild allergic reactions often include symptoms such as itching, sneezing, runny nose, watery eyes, and skin rashes. These can be uncomfortable but generally do not pose a serious health threat.
However, severe allergic reactions, also known as anaphylaxis, can be life-threatening if not treated promptly. Anaphylaxis involves the sudden release of chemicals, such as histamine, in the body, leading to a rapid and widespread immune system response. Symptoms of anaphylaxis include difficulty breathing, tightness in the throat, swelling of the face, lips, tongue, or throat, dizziness, low blood pressure, and loss of consciousness.
Common allergens that can trigger allergic reactions include certain foods, such as peanuts, shellfish, or eggs, medications, insect venom, pet dander, pollen, and dust mites. Repeated exposure to an allergen can sensitize the immune system and lead to increasingly severe reactions over time.
It is crucial for individuals with known allergies or a history of severe allergic reactions to avoid contact with known allergens and carry appropriate medications, such as antihistamines or epinephrine injectors, to manage potential allergic reactions. Prompt medical attention and treatment are necessary during severe allergic reactions to prevent complications and save lives.
