Aleutian Disease Virus (ADV), also known as Aleutian Mink Disease Virus (AMDV), is a highly contagious and often fatal viral disease that primarily affects mink populations. It belongs to the genus Amdoparvovirus of the family Parvoviridae. The disease was first identified among the Aleutian Islands mink in Alaska, which is where it acquired its common name.
ADV primarily affects members of the mustelid family, particularly minks, but can also infect other species like ferrets, skunks, and otters. The virus primarily targets the immune system, leading to immune complex-mediated vasculitis, a condition characterized by the formation of immune complexes that deposit in tissues, leading to inflammation and damage.
Infected animals often display signs such as weight loss, lethargy, anorexia, and poor reproductive performance. The disease progression can vary, with some infected animals remaining asymptomatic carriers for extended periods, while others experience severe illness and eventually succumb to the disease. It is mainly transmitted through respiratory secretions, urine, feces, and contaminated environments.
To prevent the spread of ADV, strict biosecurity measures are necessary, including quarantine and testing of new animals before introduction to an existing population. There is no specific treatment for ADV, but supportive care and management can help control the disease and minimize its impact. Vaccination, although available, does not provide complete protection and is not widely used due to concerns about its effectiveness and potential side effects.
Overall, Aleutian Disease Virus is a significant pathogen in mink farming and has substantial economic implications due to its impact on the fur industry.
