Acute yellow atrophy is a medical condition characterized by the rapid and severe destruction of liver tissue, leading to significant impairment of liver function. It is a life-threatening condition that usually occurs as an acute liver disorder, although it can have subacute or chronic forms as well. The term "acute" signifies the sudden onset of symptoms and the rapid progression of the disease.
The primary characteristic of acute yellow atrophy is the distinct yellow discoloration of the liver due to the destruction of liver cells and the subsequent leakage of bilirubin into the bloodstream. This discoloration is a result of the breakdown of red blood cells and impaired bilirubin processing by the liver. Additionally, the liver becomes smaller in size and exhibits signs of cellular necrosis.
The exact causes of acute yellow atrophy are not fully understood, but they may include viral infections (particularly the hepatitis viruses), drug toxicity, autoimmune reactions, or genetic factors. Symptoms of this condition may include jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes), a decrease in urine output, abdominal pain, fatigue, nausea, and vomiting. If left untreated, acute yellow atrophy can progress rapidly to liver failure, leading to severe complications such as encephalopathy, coagulation disorders, and eventually, death.
Treatment of acute yellow atrophy typically involves hospitalization, supportive care, and addressing the underlying causes. Patients may require intravenous fluids, medications to support liver function, and interventions to manage complications. In severe cases, liver transplantation may be necessary to save the patient's life.
