Acquired hemolytic anemias refer to a group of medical conditions characterized by the destruction or breakdown of red blood cells (RBCs) in the body due to various external factors or triggers. Hemolytic anemia itself pertains to a condition where the rate of destruction of RBCs surpasses the body's ability to produce new ones, leading to a decrease in the overall number of functional RBCs.
In acquired hemolytic anemias, the destruction of RBCs occurs due to factors such as autoimmune disorders, infections, exposure to certain drugs or chemicals, or as a secondary complication of underlying diseases like cancer or certain chronic conditions. These factors can provoke the immune system to mistakenly recognize healthy RBCs as foreign or abnormal and attack them, leading to their accelerated destruction.
The clinical presentation of acquired hemolytic anemias often includes symptoms such as fatigue, weakness, pale skin, shortness of breath, rapid heart rate, and jaundice. In severe cases, individuals may also experience complications like gallstones, acute kidney injury, or heart failure.
Diagnosis of acquired hemolytic anemias involves a comprehensive evaluation of the patient's medical history, physical examination, blood tests to assess red blood cell count and characteristics, and the identification of any underlying triggers or conditions.
The treatment of acquired hemolytic anemias usually focuses on managing the underlying cause or trigger. This may involve immunosuppressive medications to control autoimmunity, antibiotics to eradicate infections, discontinuation of offending drugs, or addressing the underlying disease. In some cases, blood transfusions or procedures like splenectomy (surgical removal of the spleen) may be necessary to alleviate symptoms and ensure an adequate supply of healthy RBCs. Close monitoring and follow-up
