Acquired Hemolytic Anemia is a medical condition characterized by the destruction of red blood cells (erythrocytes) in the body due to various underlying causes. Normally, red blood cells have a lifespan of approximately 120 days. However, in this condition, the lifespan of erythrocytes is significantly reduced as they are prematurely destroyed, leading to a low red blood cell count (anemia).
This form of anemia can occur due to diverse factors, such as autoimmune disorders where the body's immune system mistakenly recognizes red blood cells as foreign and attacks them, leading to their destruction. Another cause is infections, where certain microorganisms can invade and destroy red blood cells, or release toxins that damage these cells. Additionally, certain medications, such as antibiotics or antimalarials, may trigger acquired hemolytic anemia as a side effect.
The symptoms of acquired hemolytic anemia can vary depending on the severity and underlying cause but may include fatigue, weakness, jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes), shortness of breath, rapid heart rate, and dark urine.
Diagnosis of acquired hemolytic anemia involves a thorough medical history, physical examination, blood tests to evaluate the red blood cell count, and further investigations such as autoimmune testing, infectious disease screening, or bone marrow examination to identify the underlying cause.
Treatment of acquired hemolytic anemia aims to address the underlying cause and alleviate symptoms. Depending on the individual case, treatments may involve immune-suppressing medications, blood transfusions, drug discontinuation, or antibiotics.
Regular monitoring and management of acquired hemolytic anemia are essential to prevent complications and maintain optimal red blood cell levels.
