The word zenithal (or zenith) is pronounced /ˈzɛnɪθ(ə)l/ (zen-ith-uhl). It refers to the point directly above a particular location, or the highest point. The spelling of the word originates from the Old French word "cenith" which comes from the Arabic "samt" meaning "the way" or "the direction". Zenithal is an adjective used to describe things that are located or taking place at the zenith or directly overhead, such as light or aerial photography.
The term "zenithal" is an adjective that originated from the old world astronomical concept of the zenith, which refers to the point directly above a particular location on the celestial sphere. In modern usage, zenithal usually pertains to the position of an object or light source in relation to this point.
The primary meaning of zenithal relates to being located or situated at or near the zenith. When describing a celestial body, such as the sun, moon, or stars, zenithal indicates that it is directly overhead, occupying the highest point in the sky that can be seen from a specific observer's position. In this context, zenithal is often used in astronomy, navigation, or meteorology to refer to the overhead position of celestial events, such as when the sun is at its highest point in the sky during midday.
Beyond the astronomical realm, zenithal can also be applied to artistic techniques, particularly in painting. In this context, zenithal refers to an approach where light and shadow are depicted as they would naturally appear from a light source directly overhead. Artists often employ zenithal lighting techniques to create a realistic three-dimensional effect in their works.
Overall, zenithal is a term that denotes a position, direction, or technique that is directly aligned with or centered upon the zenith, whether it be celestial, geographical, or artistic.
The word "zenithal" originated from the Middle French word "cenith", which came from the Medieval Latin "cenit" or "zenith", ultimately derived from the Arabic "samt" (سمت) meaning "direction" or "path". The Arabic word was used in astronomy to refer to the highest point directly above an observer, known as the zenith. The term then made its way into various European languages, including English, in the 17th century to describe something relating to or situated at the highest point.