Xerostomia is a medical term that refers to a condition characterized by dryness in the oral cavity, primarily due to insufficient saliva production. The word "xerostomia" is derived from the Greek words "xeros," meaning dry, and "stoma," meaning mouth. Saliva plays a crucial role in maintaining oral health by aiding in digestion, facilitating speech, and preventing dental issues such as tooth decay and gum disease.
Individuals suffering from xerostomia may experience a persistent feeling of dryness or stickiness in the mouth, difficulty swallowing or speaking, a reduced sense of taste, a burning sensation on the tongue or gums, and an increased susceptibility to oral infections. Furthermore, lack of saliva can cause discomfort when wearing dentures and may contribute to bad breath.
Various factors can contribute to the development of xerostomia. These include certain medications (such as antihistamines, antidepressants, and diuretics), radiation therapy for head and neck cancers, autoimmune diseases (such as Sjögren's syndrome), and lifestyle habits like smoking or excessive alcohol consumption.
Treatment for xerostomia aims to alleviate symptoms and restore moisture to the mouth. It may involve the use of artificial saliva substitutes, maintaining good oral hygiene practices, staying hydrated, avoiding caffeine and tobacco, and using a humidifier in the bedroom. Dentists may also recommend regular dental check-ups, fluoride treatments, or prescription medications to stimulate saliva production.
In summary, xerostomia is a condition characterized by dryness in the mouth due to reduced saliva production. Prompt management is essential to prevent complications and maintain oral health.
