Xerostoma, also known as dry mouth, is a medical condition characterized by a reduced or insufficient production of saliva in the mouth. The term "xerostoma" is derived from the Greek words "xeros," meaning dry, and "stoma," meaning mouth.
Saliva plays a crucial role in maintaining oral health as it helps with digestion, swallowing, and speaking. It also acts as a protective barrier for the teeth, preventing tooth decay and gum disease. Reduced saliva production can lead to a variety of uncomfortable symptoms and potential complications.
Common causes of xerostoma include certain medications (such as antihistamines, antidepressants, and diuretics), chronic medical conditions (like Sjogren's syndrome, diabetes, or autoimmune disorders), radiation therapy to the head and neck region, and nerve damage.
The symptoms associated with xerostoma include persistent dryness or stickiness in the mouth, difficulty in speaking or swallowing, a burning sensation or soreness in the mouth, altered taste perception, bad breath, and an increased susceptibility to dental cavities and infections.
Treatment for xerostoma aims to alleviate the symptoms and address the underlying cause. This can involve lifestyle modifications such as drinking plenty of water, avoiding tobacco and alcohol, and using over-the-counter artificial saliva substitutes or oral moisturizers. In some cases, healthcare professionals may prescribe medications that stimulate saliva production or recommend certain dental procedures to enhance saliva flow. It is essential for individuals experiencing xerostoma to maintain good oral hygiene practices and regularly visit their dentist for preventive care in order to manage the condition effectively.
