Xerophthalmy is a medical term used to describe a condition characterized by dryness and inflammation of the eyes, primarily resulting from a deficiency or lack of vitamin A. It is derived from the Greek words "xero" meaning dry and "ophthalmos" meaning eye.
In individuals suffering from xerophthalmy, the eyes become excessively dry and irritated, leading to discomfort, a gritty sensation, redness, and persistent itching. This happens because vitamin A plays a vital role in maintaining the health and functioning of the eye surface, particularly the conjunctiva and cornea. Without sufficient vitamin A, tear production is reduced, causing a decline in the moistness needed for eye lubrication and protection against foreign particles, leading to dryness.
Xerophthalmy primarily affects individuals who have poor nutrition, particularly those with diets lacking in vitamin A-rich foods such as fruits, vegetables, and animal products. Certain medical conditions, such as malabsorption disorders or liver disease, can also contribute to the development of xerophthalmy.
Treatment for xerophthalmy typically involves addressing the underlying cause, such as supplementing the individual's diet with vitamin A-rich foods or providing oral vitamin A supplements. Artificial tears and lubricating eye drops may also be prescribed to alleviate symptoms and provide relief from dryness.
If left untreated, xerophthalmy can lead to more severe eye problems, including corneal ulcers, scarring, and even blindness. Therefore, early detection and proper management are crucial in preventing irreversible damage and maintaining optimal eye health.
