Xerophthalmus is a medical condition characterized by dryness and inflammation of the eyes, caused primarily by a severe deficiency of vitamin A. Also referred to as keratomalacia, it is a progressive condition that can lead to a range of symptoms and complications if left untreated.
The term "xerophthalmus" is derived from two Greek words: "xero," meaning dry, and "ophthalmos," meaning eyes. The condition is most commonly observed in developing countries, particularly those with limited access to nutritious food and inadequate healthcare facilities.
The main cause of xerophthalmus is a lack of dietary vitamin A, an essential nutrient required for maintaining the health and function of the eyes. Vitamin A deficiency can result from malnutrition, poor intake of vitamin A-rich foods, or conditions that hinder the body's ability to absorb and utilize the vitamin.
Symptoms of xerophthalmus include dryness, redness, and inflammation of the eyes, night blindness, and increased sensitivity to light. As the condition progresses, it can lead to ulceration, clouding of the cornea, and ultimately irreversible blindness if not properly treated.
Prevention and treatment of xerophthalmus involve addressing the underlying vitamin A deficiency. This may include dietary modifications to incorporate vitamin A-rich foods, such as liver, fish, dairy products, and colorful fruits and vegetables. In severe cases, vitamin A supplements or injections may be prescribed.
Early detection and intervention are crucial in managing xerophthalmus, as prompt treatment can often prevent further damage and improve the prognosis for affected individuals.
