Xanthomas are defined as small, yellowish or orange growths that appear beneath the skin or within various body tissues. They are typically composed of cholesterol, other fats, and immune cells, and are considered to be benign, noncancerous growths. Xanthomas can arise in different areas of the body, including tendons, skin, and organs like the liver, but they most commonly occur in soft tissues such as the eyelids, palms, elbows, knees, and buttocks.
The formation of xanthomas is often associated with abnormally high levels of lipids, particularly cholesterol and triglycerides, circulating in the bloodstream. They can arise due to a variety of factors, including inherited genetic conditions such as familial hypercholesterolemia, diabetes, obesity, or certain metabolic disorders. Additionally, xanthomas can be secondary to other underlying medical conditions like liver disease, hypothyroidism, or kidney disease.
Xanthomas are typically painless and do not cause any discomfort unless they become large, swollen, or inflamed. They are usually diagnosed based on their characteristic appearance and location, along with a thorough medical evaluation and blood tests to measure lipid levels. Treatment options for xanthomas depend on the underlying cause and may involve lifestyle modifications to manage lipid levels, medications to lower cholesterol, or surgical removal of large or bothersome growths.
While xanthomas themselves are harmless, the presence of these growths can indicate an underlying medical condition that requires attention and treatment. Regular monitoring of lipid levels, along with appropriate management of any associated conditions, can help prevent the development or recurrence of xanthomas.
