Xanthoma is a medical term used to refer to a benign, fatty deposit or growth that appears on the surface of the skin, tendons, or other soft tissue in the body. It is characterized by a yellowish, raised bump or nodule and is typically painless unless it becomes irritated or inflamed. Xanthomas are formed as a result of excess accumulation of fat deposits known as lipids, specifically cholesterol or triglycerides, within the affected area.
These growths often develop as a manifestation of an underlying medical condition, such as hyperlipidemia (high levels of lipids in the blood), familial hypercholesterolemia, diabetes, or certain metabolic disorders. Xanthomas can occur in various locations of the body, including the eyelids, palms and elbows, Achilles tendons, or buttocks.
There are different types of xanthomas that can present slightly different features and characteristics. For instance, eruptive xanthomas tend to be small, reddish-yellow bumps that may be itchy and can appear in clusters on the skin. Plane xanthomas, on the other hand, present as flat, yellowish patches usually found on the upper eyelids or around the joints.
Diagnosis of xanthomas generally involves a physical examination, evaluation of medical history, and sometimes lipid blood tests to identify underlying lipid disorders. Treatment often focuses on managing the underlying condition causing the xanthoma, such as through lifestyle changes, dietary modifications, and medications to control lipid levels. In some cases, surgical removal or treatment with lasers may be necessary if the xanthomas become bothersome or cosmetically undesirable.
