The word "willfulness" is spelled with two L's, despite the fact that there is only one vowel between them. This can be explained through the use of IPA phonetic transcription. The first syllable is pronounced "wɪl", with the "i" sound as in "fill". The second syllable is pronounced "fəlnəs", with the "ə" sound as in "sofa" and the "n" sound pronounced with the lips touching (as in "win"). The double L in the second syllable indicates that the emphasis is on the second syllable, not the third.
Willfulness is a noun that refers to the quality of being determined to do as one pleases, often characterized by a stubborn and unyielding attitude towards others' authority or advice. It denotes a deliberate intention to act in a way that disregards rules, regulations, or suggestions, exhibiting a strong determination to follow one's own desires or interests.
The term is commonly associated with a sense of obstinacy or defiance, reflecting an individual's refusal to submit to external influences. It implies a conscious choice to resist the influence or control of others and to assert one's own preferences or decisions, regardless of potential consequences or objections from others.
Within legal contexts, willfulness can refer to a violation committed intentionally and purposefully, with knowledge of one's actions and their illegal nature. In this sense, it suggests a deliberate disregard for the law or a premeditated course of action that demonstrates a lack of regard for legal obligations. This aspect is often relevant in criminal cases, where the intent to commit a crime and a blatant disregard for the law's consequences may be considered as aggravating factors.
Overall, willfulness describes a character trait displaying a strong determination to act independently and according to one's own will, disregarding others' authority, advice, or societal norms. It embodies a resolute and persistent nature, often associated with a sense of defiance or stubbornness.
The word "willfulness" has its etymology derived from the Old English word "wilfulnes", which was a combination of the words "wilful" and "ness".
The term "wilful" originated from the Old English word "wilfulle" or "wilfull", which was composed of "will" and "ful". "Will" referred to the faculty of conscious intention, desire, or purpose, while "ful" was an Old English suffix meaning "full of" or "characterized by". So, "wilful" implied having a full or complete will, indicating someone acting deliberately, stubbornly, or with intention.
The suffix "-ness" is derived from Old English "-nes", which was added to words to form abstract nouns indicating a state, condition, or quality.