A white blood cell, also known as a leukocyte, refers to a type of blood cell that forms a key part of the immune system in most animals. They play a vital role in protecting the body against invasive pathogens, foreign substances, and infectious diseases. White blood cells are produced and stored in the bone marrow and circulate within the bloodstream and lymphatic system.
White blood cells can be classified into various types, each serving a distinct purpose in the immune response. Granulocytes, a type of white blood cell, are characterized by their granule-filled cytoplasm and include neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils. These cells are primarily responsible for eliminating harmful microorganisms through phagocytosis or the release of toxins.
Another type of white blood cell is the lymphocyte, which comprises B cells, T cells, and natural killer cells. Lymphocytes play a crucial role in adaptive immunity, recognizing invading pathogens and mounting an immune response through the production of antibodies and cytokines.
White blood cells are continuously produced and released into the bloodstream to maintain an effective immune response. Their numbers often increase in response to infections or diseases, involving a process known as leukocytosis. Abnormal levels of white blood cells can indicate underlying health conditions, aiding in the diagnosis and monitoring of diseases.
In summary, white blood cells are a diverse group of blood cells that form an essential defense mechanism contributing to the body’s immune response against infections and diseases.
