White arsenic is a chemical compound with the chemical formula As₂O₃. The term "white" in the name refers to its appearance as a white, crystalline powder. The spelling of the word "arsenic" is pronounced /ˈɑːrsənɪk/ in IPA phonetic transcription. It is derived from the Greek word "arsenikon," meaning potent or malevolent, due to the toxic properties of the element. White arsenic is used in various industries, including glassmaking, pesticides, and medicine, but exposure should be limited due to its potential health hazards.
White arsenic, also known as arsenic trioxide or arsenous oxide, is a toxic inorganic compound with the chemical formula As₂O₃. It appears as a white, odorless, crystalline powder that is highly poisonous in nature. Historically, it has been used for various purposes, such as in the manufacturing of glass, ceramics, and insecticides, although its usage is now highly regulated due to its hazardous properties.
White arsenic is primarily obtained from the oxidation of arsenic sulfides or ores containing arsenic, and it is commonly found in nature as a mineral known as arsenolite. Its toxicity arises from its ability to disrupt cellular processes upon ingestion, inhalation, or dermal contact. When introduced into the body, white arsenic acts as a potent enzyme inhibitor, interfering with vital biochemical reactions essential for cellular functioning.
Exposure to white arsenic can cause severe health effects, ranging from skin irritation, nausea, and abdominal pain to more serious conditions such as cardiovascular issues, liver and kidney damage, and even cancer. Overexposure to this compound has historically resulted in numerous cases of acute and chronic poisoning, leading to the recognition of its significant health risks.
Given its toxicity, the handling and storage of white arsenic must comply with strict safety procedures and regulations. The production and use of white arsenic are highly restricted in many countries due to its potential harm to human health and the environment.
Arsenic trioxidum.
A practical medical dictionary. By Stedman, Thomas Lathrop. Published 1920.
The word "white arsenic" has a straightforward etymology. It is a compound noun that consists of two parts:
1. White: The term "white" originates from the Old English word "hwīt", which means "bright" or "shining". This term has been used to describe the color white since ancient times.
2. Arsenic: Arsenic comes from the Greek word "arsenikon", which was derived from the Persian word "zarnikh" or "zarni". Arsenic has been known to humans since ancient times, and the word has remained relatively unchanged across different cultures.
When these two terms are combined, "white arsenic" simply refers to a form of arsenic that appears as a white, powder-like substance.