Western Equine Encephalitis Viruses (WEEVs) refer to a group of viral pathogens that belong to the Togaviridae family, Genus Alphavirus. These viruses are primarily transmitted by infected mosquitoes and are known to cause Western Equine Encephalitis (WEE) in humans, horses, and other mammals. WEEVs are predominantly found in the Western Hemisphere, primarily in North America.
WEEVs are single-stranded RNA viruses with an enveloped structure. They are classified into different subtypes, including the subtype responsible for causing Eastern Equine Encephalitis (EEE). However, WEEVs are distinct in terms of geographic distribution and specific vector preferences. Mosquitoes from the genera Culex and Coquillettidia are the primary vectors for WEEVs.
In humans, infection with WEEVs may result in a range of clinical presentations, from mild flu-like symptoms to severe neurological complications. Symptoms typically include fever, headache, vomiting, muscle weakness, and altered mental state. Severe cases can progress to neuroinvasive disease, leading to encephalitis characterized by inflammation of the brain. The mortality rate for WEE cases in humans is relatively low but can be higher in older individuals or those with underlying health conditions.
Preventive measures such as using mosquito repellents, wearing protective clothing, and eliminating mosquito breeding sites are essential in reducing the risk of WEEV transmission. Vaccines for WEE are not commercially available for humans. However, vaccines for horses have been developed to protect against WEEV infection. In case of suspected WEEV infection, prompt medical attention can help in managing the symptoms and reducing potential complications.
