Water pollution refers to the contamination or degradation of water bodies, including lakes, rivers, oceans, groundwater, and other sources of fresh and marine water. It occurs when pollutants or harmful substances are introduced into these water sources, resulting in adverse effects on the environment, aquatic life, and human health.
Sources of water pollution can be both natural and human-induced. Natural sources include volcanic eruptions, soil erosion, and natural organic matter decay, while human activities contribute to the majority of water pollution. Industrial discharges, agricultural runoff, sewage and wastewater discharge, oil spills, and improper waste disposal are some pertinent human activities that contribute to water pollution.
The pollutants introduced into water bodies can take various forms, including chemical substances, biological agents, and physical agents. These pollutants can cause significant harm to aquatic ecosystems by altering water quality parameters, such as temperature, oxygen levels, salinity, and pH, thereby disrupting the balance of the ecosystem.
The impact of water pollution extends beyond aquatic organisms. Contaminated water can directly affect human health through consumption, causing diseases and infections. Additionally, it can contaminate food sources when it is used for irrigation or when aquatic organisms are consumed.
To mitigate water pollution, environmental regulations, waste management practices, and advanced treatment technologies are implemented. These measures aim to reduce the discharge of pollutants into water bodies, promote sustainable water management, and protect the health and integrity of both aquatic ecosystems and human populations.
