Vocal cords, also known as vocal folds, are a pair of elastic, muscular tissues located in the larynx or voice box, a part of the human throat. They are responsible for producing sound during speech, singing, and other vocalizations.
The vocal cords consist of a layer of tissues called the vocal fold mucosa, which is covered by a thin layer of epithelium. They are stretched horizontally across the larynx, forming a V-shaped structure. When air passes through the vocal cords, they vibrate, producing sound waves that create speech or singing.
During quiet breathing, the vocal cords are relaxed and open, allowing air to flow easily through the larynx. However, when speaking or singing, the muscles surrounding the larynx contract, bringing the vocal cords closer together. As air passes through the narrowed opening, the vocal cords vibrate rapidly, creating a range of pitch and volume.
The vocal cords are controlled by the muscles of the larynx, mainly the recurrent laryngeal nerve, and are capable of producing different pitches and tones by adjusting their tension and thickness. The process of producing sound with the vocal cords is a highly coordinated action involving the respiratory system, larynx, throat, and mouth.
Regular vocal cord care is essential for maintaining vocal health. Strain or misuse can lead to conditions such as hoarseness, nodules (small growths), polyps, or vocal cord paralysis. Singers, actors, and individuals who use their voice extensively often undergo vocal training to optimize their voice quality and prevent vocal cord disorders.
