Vena jugularis interna, commonly known as the internal jugular vein, refers to a major blood vessel located within the neck region. It is a paired structure, with one vein present on each side of the neck. The vena jugularis interna is classified as a deep vein and is a significant component of the venous drainage system of the head and neck.
This vein originates toward the base of the skull from various tributaries, including the sigmoid sinus, inferior petrosal sinus, and pharyngeal plexus. From there, it descends just lateral to the common carotid artery and within the carotid sheath, a protective connective tissue surrounding the vein and artery. The internal jugular vein runs alongside the carotid artery and eventually joins the subclavian vein to form the brachiocephalic vein.
The vena jugularis interna plays a crucial role in returning deoxygenated blood from the head, face, and neck regions to the heart. It receives blood from numerous regions, including the brain, skull, superficial face, and neck muscles, among others. Additionally, it also functions as a conduit for cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) from the brain to the systemic circulation.
Clinical procedures utilizing the vena jugularis interna include central venous catheterization, which involves inserting a catheter into the vein for purposes such as administering medications or monitoring venous pressure.
In summary, the vena jugularis interna is a vital component of the venous drainage system in the head and neck, responsible for collecting deoxygenated blood from various regions and facilitating its return to the heart.
