The term "vena jugularis externa" refers to the external jugular vein, which is a major blood vessel located in the neck. It is one of the two main veins that drain the head and neck, with the other being the internal jugular vein. The external jugular vein is superficially positioned, lying just beneath the skin and above the muscles in the side of the neck.
Functionally, the vena jugularis externa plays a crucial role in transporting deoxygenated blood from the head, face, and superficial parts of the neck back to the heart. It collects blood from various smaller veins, including those from the scalp, face, and neck region. From there, the vena jugularis externa drains into the subclavian vein, which eventually leads to the superior vena cava, the largest vein that returns blood to the heart from the upper body.
Clinically, the vena jugularis externa is of significance for healthcare professionals. Its accessibility and superficial location make it a commonly used site for venous access during medical procedures, intravenous therapy, and blood sampling. It is distinguishable by its prominent appearance as it runs down the side of the neck, where it can be easily identified and palpated.
Understanding the anatomy and function of the vena jugularis externa is essential for medical professionals, as it plays a vital role in the cardiovascular system's circulation and can be used for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes.
