Urticaria, also known as hives, is a skin condition characterized by the sudden appearance of itchy, raised, and red welts, or wheals, on the skin. These welts are typically round or oval-shaped and can vary in size, ranging from small spots to large patches. Urticaria is caused by the release of histamine and other chemicals from mast cells in the skin, leading to blood vessel inflammation and the characteristic appearance of the welts.
Urticaria can manifest as an allergic reaction to various triggers, such as certain foods, medications, insect bites or stings, pollen, or contact with allergens. In some cases, it may result from non-allergic factors, like exposure to extreme temperatures, stress, pressure, or sunlight. The condition can be acute, lasting for a few hours to several weeks, or chronic, persisting for more than six weeks.
Symptoms of urticaria include red or white welts that are surrounded by a pale area, intense itching, and a burning or stinging sensation. The welts may appear and disappear randomly and may migrate from one area of the body to another. In severe cases, urticaria can be accompanied by other symptoms, such as swelling, difficulty breathing, dizziness, or gastrointestinal disturbances.
Treatment of urticaria involves identifying and avoiding triggers, if possible. Antihistamines are commonly used to relieve itching and reduce inflammation. In more severe cases, oral corticosteroids or other immunosuppressive medications may be prescribed. Additionally, keeping the skin cool, wearing loose clothing, and applying soothing lotions or cold compresses can offer symptomatic relief. It is advisable to consult a healthcare professional for an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment plan.
