ULTRAVIRES:
The term "ultravires" is derived from Latin origins, with "ultra" meaning "beyond" or "exceeding" and "vires" meaning "powers" or "authority." In the legal context, it refers to actions or conduct that go beyond the scope or authority granted to an individual, entity, or organization by law or regulations.
When an individual or organization acts ultravires, it means they are exceeding their legal authority or acting beyond the powers granted to them. This concept is commonly applied in corporate law to describe acts by a company or its directors that are beyond their authorized scope under the company's articles of association or its bylaws. For example, if a director of a company makes a decision that is not authorized by the company's governing documents, it would be considered an ultravires act.
In addition to corporate law, the concept of ultravires can also be applied to other areas of law, such as administrative law, constitutional law, and contract law. In administrative law, it refers to actions taken by government agencies that are beyond their statutorily defined powers. In constitutional law, it describes acts by a government or its officials that exceed their constitutional authority. Similarly, in contract law, it refers to acts performed by one party that are outside the scope of the agreement between the contracting parties.
Overall, ultravires signifies actions or conduct that go beyond the authorized powers or scope established by law or regulations, and such acts are generally considered illegitimate and null and void.
