TZD stands for Thiazolidinediones, a group of oral medications used to treat type 2 diabetes. Thiazolidinediones are a class of drugs that help control blood sugar levels by improving the body's sensitivity to insulin. Insulin is a hormone responsible for regulating glucose metabolism and helps transport sugar from the bloodstream into the cells.
TZDs work by targeting peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), specifically PPAR-gamma, which are found in fat cells and play a key role in glucose and lipid metabolism. By activating PPAR-gamma, TZDs increase insulin sensitivity, allowing the body to utilize glucose more effectively and reduce the amount of sugar produced by the liver.
TZDs also help regulate lipid metabolism, leading to decreases in triglyceride levels and increases in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels. This dual action on glucose and lipid metabolism makes TZDs a useful option for patients with type 2 diabetes who have both hyperglycemia (high blood sugar) and dyslipidemia (abnormal lipid levels).
Commonly prescribed TZDs include rosiglitazone and pioglitazone. These medications are usually taken in pill form and are often used in combination with other antidiabetic drugs like metformin or sulfonylureas. It is important to note that TZDs are not suitable for individuals with type 1 diabetes or for those with severe liver disease.
As with any medication, TZDs carry potential side effects, including weight gain, fluid retention, bone fractures, and an increased risk of heart failure. Therefore, it is crucial to consult with a healthcare professional before starting or adjusting the use of any TZD medication.
