Tyrosine Kinase Linked Receptors (TKLRs) are a type of cell surface receptor involved in signal transduction pathways. They are integral membrane proteins composed of an extracellular ligand-binding domain, a transmembrane domain, and an intracellular catalytic domain possessing kinase activity.
TKLRs play a vital role in cell communication and coordination of various cellular processes, including cell growth, differentiation, proliferation, and survival. These receptors are activated by the binding of specific ligands, such as growth factors, hormones, or cytokines, to their extracellular domains. Upon ligand binding, the receptor's intracellular catalytic domain undergoes autophosphorylation, resulting in the activation of its kinase activity.
The phosphorylation event triggers a cascade of intracellular signaling pathways, leading to the activation of downstream proteins and ultimately influencing cellular responses. These receptors are named "tyrosine kinase-linked" due to their ability to phosphorylate tyrosine residues on target proteins.
TKLRs are involved in several important physiological and pathological processes, including embryonic development, immune responses, and the development and progression of various diseases, including cancer. Dysregulation of TKLRs can lead to aberrant signaling and contribute to disease development.
In summary, tyrosine kinase-linked receptors are transmembrane proteins that play a crucial role in cell signaling by activating intracellular signaling pathways through the phosphorylation of tyrosine residues. These receptors help regulate various cellular processes and are implicated in numerous physiological and pathological conditions.
