Type II diabetes mellitus, commonly known as type 2 diabetes, is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood glucose levels due to the body's inability to effectively use or produce enough insulin. Insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas that regulates the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins, allowing glucose to enter cells and be converted into energy for the body to function properly.
Unlike type 1 diabetes, which is an autoimmune disease, type 2 diabetes is typically linked with poor lifestyle choices such as sedentary behavior, unhealthy diet, obesity, and genetics. It usually develops gradually over years, making it more common in adults, but it can also occur in younger individuals.
The primary characteristic of type 2 diabetes is insulin resistance, where the body's cells become resistant to the effects of insulin. As a result, glucose accumulates in the bloodstream instead of being utilized by the cells, leading to high blood sugar levels. Over time, this prolonged elevation of blood glucose can lead to serious complications like heart disease, stroke, kidney damage, nerve damage, vision problems, and poor wound healing.
The management of type 2 diabetes often involves lifestyle modifications such as adopting a healthy diet, regular physical activity, weight reduction, and, in some cases, oral medications or insulin therapy. Regular monitoring of blood sugar levels, maintaining a healthy weight, and attending regular check-ups are also recommended to effectively manage the condition and prevent complications.
