Tree celandine, also known as swallowwort (Chelidonium majus), is a perennial herbaceous plant that is part of the poppy family (Papaveraceae). It is native to Europe and Western Asia but has been introduced and naturalized in North America.
Tree celandine typically grows in damp, shady areas such as forests, hedgerows, and along riverbanks. It is characterized by its erect stem that reaches a height of up to 1 meter (3 feet). The plant has deeply lobed, pinnate leaves that are bright green in color and wavy-edged. The leaves release a bright orange sap when broken or bruised.
During the summer months, tree celandine produces clusters of yellow, four-petaled flowers. Each flower contains two sepals and four petals and is approximately 2 centimeters in diameter. The flowers bloom atop long, slender stalks arising from the leaf axils. After flowering, small round fruits called capsules are formed, which release numerous small seeds upon ripening.
Tree celandine has a long history of use in traditional medicine. The sap of the plant contains alkaloids, flavonoids, and other compounds that possess medicinal properties. It has been used to address various ailments, including digestive disorders, liver problems, skin conditions, and respiratory issues. However, it is important to note that the plant contains toxic compounds and should be used with caution.
Furthermore, tree celandine has folklore associations. It is believed to possess mystical properties, being used in superstitions and charms to ward off evil spirits and bring good luck. Overall, tree celandine is a versatile plant with significant medicinal and cultural significance.
