Transmissible Venereal Tumors (TVTs) are a rare type of cancer that can be transmitted from one dog to another through sexual contact. This type of tumor is primarily found in dogs, although it can occasionally affect other canids such as foxes and coyotes. TVTs are caused by an infectious cell line known as Sticker's sarcoma, which is transferred between dogs during mating or other intimate interactions.
The tumor cells of TVTs are unusually contagious and can spread rapidly throughout the dog's body, often affecting the genital area, but sometimes spreading to other organs such as the liver, spleen, and lymph nodes. This type of tumor is not caused by any common genetic or environmental factors, but rather by the direct transmission of cancer cells between dogs.
TVTs can present with various symptoms, including the appearance of abnormal masses or growths in the genital area, ulcerations, bleeding, and discharge. If left untreated, the tumors can grow in size and invade surrounding tissues, leading to pain, discomfort, and difficulty urinating or mating.
Treatment for TVTs usually involves chemotherapy, which has been found to be very effective in eradicating the tumor cells. In many cases, TVTs can be cured with appropriate treatment. Preventive measures such as spaying and neutering dogs can also help reduce the transmission and occurrence of TVTs. Overall, early detection and prompt intervention are essential for successful treatment and prevention of TVTs.
