Transmissible Venereal Tumor (TVT) is a highly contagious and sexually transmitted disease that affects dogs, primarily found in canids. It is a form of cancer that can be passed from one dog to another through direct physical contact, especially during sexual activity.
TVT is caused by the transmission of tumor cells, known as karyocytes, which are transferred from an infected dog's genital organs to a healthy dog's reproductive system. The tumor cells are small and round, with a high mitotic index, and can easily infiltrate healthy tissues. Once introduced into a new host, the tumor cells rapidly multiply and form new tumors.
The disease typically manifests as external genital tumors, often accompanied by inflammation and discharge. The tumors can vary in size, shape, and texture, and may ulcerate or bleed when they become large. In some cases, the infection can spread internally to other areas of the body, including the lymph nodes, liver, and spleen.
Due to its highly contagious nature, TVT can quickly spread through a population of dogs, particularly in areas with a high density of stray or unneutered dogs. However, the disease is usually self-limiting, meaning that the dog's immune system can recognize and eliminate the tumor cells over time. In some cases, medical intervention such as chemotherapy may be required to treat TVT.
In summary, Transmissible Venereal Tumor (TVT) is a sexually transmitted cancer that affects dogs and is caused by the transmission of tumor cells during sexual activity. It is characterized by external genital tumors that can spread internally if left untreated.
