TRANSGLUTAMINASE Meaning and
Definition
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Transglutaminase, also known as TGase or transamidase, is an enzyme that plays a crucial role in various biological processes. It is commonly found in animals, plants, and microorganisms. Transglutaminase functions by catalyzing the formation of covalent bonds between proteins, leading to cross-linking and polymerization of these molecules.
In living organisms, transglutaminase contributes to essential physiological functions such as blood clotting, wound healing, and tissue development. It acts by stabilizing protein structures and promoting the formation of networks or matrices, enhancing the structural integrity of tissues. The enzyme is particularly abundant in organs such as the skin, liver, and kidneys.
In the food industry, transglutaminase is widely used as a food additive due to its ability to improve texture, binding capacity, and overall quality of processed products. It can be employed to bind small pieces of meat together, create uniform texture in processed meats, enhance the elasticity of dough, and improve the mouthfeel of dairy products.
Transglutaminase is also associated with certain diseases. In individuals with celiac disease or gluten sensitivity, transglutaminase is a target of the immune response, leading to autoimmune damage in the intestines. Therefore, it serves as a diagnostic marker for these conditions.
Overall, transglutaminase is an enzyme that plays diverse and significant roles in biological processes, ranging from essential physiological functions to its application as a food additive and its involvement in certain diseases.
Etymology of TRANSGLUTAMINASE
The word "transglutaminase" is derived from two components: "trans" and "glutaminase".
The prefix "trans-" is of Latin origin, meaning "across" or "beyond". In scientific terminology, it usually denotes a process or action across different or separate parts or systems.
"Glutaminase" refers to an enzyme that acts upon the amino acid glutamine. The term is a combination of "glutamine" and the suffix "-ase", which indicates an enzyme.
Therefore, "transglutaminase" can be interpreted as an enzyme that acts across or beyond glutamine, reflecting its ability to catalyze reactions between different molecules containing glutamine residues.
