Trachoma is a contagious and chronic eye infection caused by the bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis. It primarily affects the conjunctiva, the thin membrane that covers the outer surface of the eye and the inner surface of the eyelids. Trachoma is a leading cause of preventable blindness worldwide, particularly in developing countries with poor sanitation and limited access to healthcare.
The initial symptoms of trachoma resemble conjunctivitis, including redness, itchiness, and discharge from the eyes. If left untreated, the infection can progress, leading to scarring of the conjunctiva. Over time, repeated infections and scarring result in the eyelids turning inward (known as entropion) and the eyelashes scratching the cornea. This can cause intense pain, blurred vision, and irreversible damage, ultimately leading to blindness.
The transmission of trachoma occurs through direct contact with infected eye secretions or by touching contaminated objects like towels or clothing. Factors such as poor hygiene, crowded living conditions, and lack of access to clean water contribute to the spread of the disease.
Prevention and control of trachoma involve a comprehensive approach, including promoting facial cleanliness, improving sanitation and water supply, administering antibiotics for active infection, and providing surgery for advanced cases. Additionally, community education and health promotion programs play a critical role in raising awareness about the disease and its prevention.
Efforts to eliminate trachoma as a public health problem involve collaboration between governments, non-governmental organizations, and other stakeholders, with a focus on sustained interventions that address the root causes of the disease.
