Toxaemia of pregnancy, also known as preeclampsia, is a potentially serious medical condition that occurs in pregnant women. It is characterized by high blood pressure (hypertension) and damage to organs, often involving the liver and kidneys. The condition typically arises after the 20th week of pregnancy and can lead to complications for both the mother and the baby if left untreated.
The exact cause of toxaemia of pregnancy is not fully understood, but it is believed to be related to problems with the placenta, which connects the baby to the mother's blood supply. The condition is more likely to occur in women who have chronic hypertension, are pregnant for the first time, are carrying multiple babies, have a family history of the condition, or are over the age of 40.
Symptoms of toxaemia of pregnancy may include high blood pressure, swelling (edema) in the hands, feet, and face, sudden weight gain, severe headaches, blurred vision, abdominal pain, and changes in urine output. If left untreated, the condition can progress to eclampsia, which involves seizures and can be life-threatening for both mother and baby.
Treatment for toxaemia of pregnancy typically involves close monitoring of blood pressure and kidney function, bed rest, and medications to control blood pressure. In severe cases, hospitalization may be necessary, and delivery of the baby may be induced, even if it is premature, to prevent further complications. Regular prenatal care can help identify and manage the condition early, reducing the risk of complications.
