A tonic-clonic seizure, also known as a grand mal seizure, is a type of generalized seizure characterized by two distinct phases. It is a neurological disorder that causes a sudden and intense electrical disturbance in the brain. This type of seizure is typically characterized by the occurrence of both tonic and clonic movements.
The tonic phase is the initial stage of the seizure, marked by a sudden and rigid contraction of the muscles. This stiffening leads to a loss of consciousness and posture. The person may fall to the ground and experience an inability to respond or control their movements.
Following the tonic phase, the seizure progresses to the clonic phase. During this phase, there are rapid and rhythmic muscle contractions and relaxations, leading to shaking and jerking movements of the entire body. Additionally, the person may exhibit labored breathing, excessive salivation, and possible loss of bowel or bladder control.
Tonic-clonic seizures usually last for a few minutes and are followed by a period of lethargy or confusion known as the postictal phase. This phase is characterized by disorientation and fatigue, which gradually subside as the individual recovers.
Tonic-clonic seizures can occur in individuals with epilepsy or as a result of other underlying medical conditions such as brain injury, brain infection, or withdrawal from certain medications. Prompt medical attention and intervention are recommended for individuals experiencing tonic-clonic seizures to prevent complications and provide appropriate treatment.
