Thyroglossal Duct Cysts are fluid-filled sacs that develop from leftover embryonic tissue in the neck. The spelling of the word Thyroglossal is pronounced /θaɪrəʊˈɡlɒs(ə)l/, with the 'thyro-' prefix referring to the thyroid gland and the '-glossal' suffix referring to the tongue. Duct is spelled as /dʌkt/ and is a tube or channel that carries fluid. Cysts are sacs filled with fluid or other substances, which are spelled /sɪst/. Overall, this word can be a tongue-twister due to its long length and unique spelling, but essential for detecting and treating the cysts.
Thyroglossal duct cysts are abnormal fluid-filled sacs or pockets that develop along the path of the thyroglossal duct. The thyroglossal duct is a tube-like structure that normally forms during embryonic development and connects the base of the tongue to the thyroid gland in the neck. However, in some cases, remnants of the thyroglossal duct may persist, leading to the formation of cysts.
These cysts typically present as painless lumps in the midline of the neck, just below the hyoid bone. They may vary in size and consistency and may become more prominent with swallowing or vocalization. While most thyroglossal duct cysts are benign, certain complications can arise, such as infection or the formation of abscesses.
The exact cause of thyroglossal duct cysts is not completely understood, but they are thought to result from the failure of the thyroglossal duct to effectively close during embryonic development. Additionally, some genetic factors may also play a role in their occurrence.
Treatment for thyroglossal duct cysts typically involves surgical removal. This procedure, known as the Sistrunk operation, involves complete excision of the cyst along with the central part of the hyoid bone to prevent recurrence. In cases where the cyst is infected, antibiotic therapy may be prescribed before surgery.
Regular follow-up visits are recommended after cyst removal to monitor for any signs of recurrence or other complications.